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By 1994, Afghanistan has been at war for more than 15 years. The Islamist mujahadeen factions that defeated them are divided by religious and ethnic rivalries. And in the midst of the chaos, a new faction that will change the course of the war rises to prominence in 1994: the Taliban.

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» SOURCES

Coll, Steve. "Ghost Wars: The secret history of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001" Penguin, 2004

Collins, Joseph J. “Understanding War in Afghanistan” National Defense University Press, 2011.

Gall, Sandy. “Afghan Napoleon: The Life of Ahmad Shah Massoud” Haus Publishing, 2021.

Jalali, Ali Ahmad. "A military history of Afghanistan: from the Great Game to the Global War on Terror" University Press of Kansas, 2017.

Maley, William. “The Afghanistan Wars – Third Edition” Red Globe Press, 2021.

Kaplan, Robert D. “Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan” Vintage Books, 2001.

Rashid, Ahmed. „Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond” I.B Tauris, 2010

Tomsen, Peter. “The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers” PublicAffairs, 2011.

»CREDITS

Presented by: Jesse Alexander

Written by: Jesse Alexander

Director: Toni Steller

Editing: Toni Steller

Motion Design: Matej Procházka, Toni Steller

Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com

Research by: Florian Wittig

Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Executive Producer: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Simon Buckmaster

Contains licensed material by getty images, picture alliance, and Reuters

Maps: MapTiler/OpenStreetMap Contributors & GEOlayers3

Music Library: Epidemic Sound

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